Dezuman's refinement is nice, although the next thing to try is to just fill the entire reactor with uranium except for the top row. Wonder if that will work...
Having 6 chambers all full except the top row will give:
4.38 eff
985 EU/t
~2000 heat per pulse
This means you need to supply 4 buckets per second. Can you supply buckets into chambers, though, or does only directly to reactor work?
Personally, what I'd like to see is pumping raw water directly into a reactor via buildcraft waterproof pipes, then using generated power to run said buildcraft pumps via electric power, just like a real reactor would. More power -> more heat -> more power needed to run pumps.
However, if you lose power to pumps, it blows. So building high power reactor == risky if pump goes offline for whatever reason, while having a lower power reactor packed with HDs will give you a couple minutes of time to react.