There are several important numbers to keep track of when using a CRCS system which are not necessary in traditional Mk. I reactors. We'll go over these, why they are important, and get into some examples and how the numbers crunch.
One of the first numbers is a concept which nearly died out with the advance in nuclear engineering technology, and that is the Micro-Cycle time. Used in old-school Mk. III reactors, and revived again in CRCS systems, the Micro-Cycle represents how long the reactor can run before its components start melting. This number is easily found in any Reactor Planner software under the label 'Time Limit', found at the bottom of the same section the reactor components are kept. As an example, you can see on this DDoS reactor, the Micro-Cycle time is 179 seconds. You can also derive this number under the 'Timing' section, the very first number "Generation..." is your micro-cycle time.
The next important number is your cooling cycle time. This is derived from dividing your cooling capacity by your cooling tower's cooling per cell per second. Thus, a system using 60k Cooling Cells, with a 60 Cooling/cell/second tower, has a 1,000 cooling cycle time. Obviously, the higher your cooling per cell per second number is, the shorter your cooling cycle is, which is why the latests generation of cooling towers are so exciting. With a cooling of 96/cell/second, a 60k cooling cell has a cooling cycle time of a mere 625 seconds.
To derive the number of cooling towers you will need for a CRCS system, you will need to divide your cooling cycle time by your micro-cycle time, then multiply by the percentage of towers needed to hold the components. Therefore, in our examples, a generator tower with a micro-cycle time of 179 seconds has 8 cooling cells. However, the cooling tower can only handle 6 cells at a time. This means you will need 1.33 towers per cycle. Therefore, 625/179 = ~3.5 (rounding up for simplicity's sake) * 1.3 = 4.655. Now, you can't build half of a cooling tower, so you have to round that up to 5 cooling towers required to accomidate that reactor tower.
Now then, let's say the reactor tower got an upgrade with some OC vents and component heat exchangers, as shown here. This one has a micro-cycle time of 200 seconds. So crunching the same numbers, we end up a tiny fraction larger than 4. Now, since you have to have a brief pause to swap cooling cells, and give the OC vents time to cool, you can probably get away with 4 cooling towers, although you'd be cutting your safety margins down to slim pickings. So, despite the additional expense in the tower, you save far more by cutting down the number of towers needed by 1.
COMPONENT EXCHANGE AUTOMATION
Now then, a major engineering challenge is to automate the exchange of the heat-laden components to the cooling tower(s) and cool ones back to the generator reactor. By far the most roubust system employs uses Redpower2 logic circuits.
A Timer is employed in conjunction with a State Cell to run the reactor. The Timer and State Cell are set to the same number, which should be a factor of your micro-cycle time. Thus, if you have a micro-cycle time of 200, these should be set to 20 seconds. If you have a remainder, that can be added to the state cell time. Thus, if you had a micro-cycle of 202, you set your timer to 20, and your state cell to 22. When the Timer pulses, it resets the State Cell's timer, then on the final cycle, the state cell finally gets to use those last two seconds.
Also connected to this timer is a counter. This will count the number of times the timer pulses. When it hits the desired number of pulses, it will activate, and stop the timer. It would be good practice to use an OR gate which accepts input from this timer, which is connected to a Toggle Latch that triggers the timer to be stopped.
Your thermal monitor and Nuclear Control System should also be able to send a signal through that same line, so if any heat buildup occurs in your reactor, it will automatically shut down the whole operation.
Next will be a Filter and a Retriever. If the system is transferring nine or fewer cells each way, then a signal from the Toggle Latch is all that is necessary to trigger the exchange. Simply have precisely the number of cells in each, and one pulse pulls the correct ammount.
**IMPORTANT**
Redpower2 machines differentiate between cells with a damage value and those without a damage value. Therefore, it is imparitive that you have components WITH a damage value in the Filter, to pull them out of the generator reactor, and components WITHOUT a damage value in the Retriever, to keep it from pulling still warm components back.
If you have more than nine cells in your generator reactor, you will need to employ a State Cell hooked up to a NOT gate and a Timer. When the signal from the Toggle Latch hits the State Cell, it will start a countdown. This will turn off the NOT gate, and allow the Timer to pulse. The duration of the state cell divided by the pulse rate of the timer will be the number of cells pulled in both directions.
You may need to employ cover strips to prevent unwanted connections in more compact designs.
Attached to your Retriever should be an in-line Item Detector connected to a counter. It will count the number of cells entering your reactor. Once it reaches the tally of the number of cells that are supposed to be in there, it will send a signal to the OR gate attached to the Toggle Latch. Assuming there isn't already a signal in the OR gate, say from your Nuclear Control system detecting heat or the cooldown period hasn't been reached yet, the OR gate will pulse, turning on the Toggle Latch and restarting the system. This will ensure that your reactor will not start without all cells physically present in your reactor.
As an alternative, you can use ComputerCraft to automate this system far easier. Use rp.setBundledOutput commands, have one color going to your reactor, and a seperate color going to both the retriever and the filter. You hook up your Nuclear Control killswitch to the computer. Set it up so that when it receives a redstone signal from that side, it automatically kills the reactor and initiates a cell cycle, then waits for the greater of either a full cycle time or the signal turning off before restarting.
While this is a much more compact and elegant design, it is not 'restart resistant'. When the server resets, so do the computers. Developing a program whch is restart resistant is theoretically possible, but I leave that up to the experts in the LUA field.
Thank you all for coming today. I hope you now have a deeper understanding of the strengths and weaknesses of a CRCS system, and what is involved in running and maintaining one. If you wish to keep abreast of the latest discoveries in the CRCS field, I suggest you keep an eye on the Nuclear Engineering newsfeeds.
Refreshments are available in Ballroom C next door. Representatives from HAYO Corp. and ShneekeyCraft Inc. are available to discuss what options are best for your situation, and have order forms on hand with special discounted offers for atendees of this seminar. You may also indicate on the guestbook if you wish to be kept abreast of new products from either of these companies.
Ladies and gentlemen, a moment of silence for the workers who gave their lives to bring us this new technology... okay, that oughta about do it. There will be a two hour recess until the next lecture. Thank you, and good day.